History Of Editing

History Of Editing:

Eadweard Muybridge

Was an inventor, photographer and a filming maker born in 1830 England.

To help settle an argument, former Californian Governor Leland Stanford contacted Muybridge due to his reputation as a photographer. The debate revolved around the fact that all 4 hooves of a horse move of the ground when running. The Governor believed that horses did in fact do so, however it was impossible for him to judge due to how humans view moving objects. In 1872 Eadweard played around with 12 cameras in a row which a series of tripwires, when the horse crossed a tripwire a shot was taken which when put together showed a horse galloping in sequence. The first test gave some viability to the Governor hypothesis but the process was not perfected. Between the years 1878-1884 he managed to perfect the method and thus created the zoopraxiscope to show of the motion in his photographs. Here is the orignal movement of the horse:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEqccPhsqgA
He then repeated his process for other creatures and objects to create movement.

This created the idea of frames per second and started to use 12 frames per second to create the horse, creating the illusion of movement. Presently the known format used is 24 frames per second which makes the movement more believable. A famous movies that moved the camera and kept the person/actor still was the Matrix and the technique is known  as "bullet time"

Auguste and Louis Lumière

The french brothers are credited to be the first film makers in history and created the patent of Cinematograph which allowed big groups (known as parties) to view the footage at once, just like a modern day cinema. They put the films into a roll and used pegs to move the footage at 24 fps with a rotating shutter to create the first cinema to record a strip of film. Although they moved at 24fps it could only film in 18 fps. Once the kit was designed the brothers would film everyday activities and show anyone and everyone. Due to this being new everyone was amazed and would be excited every time they saw a movie. A famous example of this is the footage of a train coming into the station:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dgLEDdFddk
Because this was the first time any one had saw moving footage they thought the train was coming towards them were scared as they watched in anticipation. All of their movies lasted on average 40 seconds long and were of basic movements and nothing over the top and fancy, like films produced today.

Thomas Edison:

Thomas also created a camera ( the Kinetroph), and set up a patent for the camera, he also set up patents which founded modern day Hollywood. He had a patent similar to the french brothers however only one person could view the Kinetroph/peep show. The peep show was put in penny arcades and allowed one person to watch short films.

Iwan Serrurier

In order to edit in the early days you would cut up film in the light, using scissors to create clips. The clips would then be put together with tape and put together and rested on the metal bins. As clips were stored in bins and not folders and helped found the techniques today.

 Iwan invented a machine to cut film and put the film in spools. This was called a Moviola stenbeck. The company still produces editing machines today. 5-7 years ago this was how films were cut as film on film, 35mm lens are often still used by some film makers.

Task 2 Shape Tween

Before I began to make the animation, I made sure the stage was the right size.

Before I started I set my stage (place where action happens) to 660 by 500 so the eye image could fit in. I also set the fps to 25. This means for every second 25 frames occur and create the illusion of movement. 

Using the shape tool (One highlighted on the right) I created an oval/ellipse shape. The inside of the shape is known as the fill and the outside of the shape is known as a stroke.

I then created a keyframe (place where something happens) at frame 100

Then using the sub selection tool I highlighted my shape, The green lines coming off the shape are know as the anchor points, I will now change these to create me unique shape on keyframe 100.

This is my final image on keyframe 100. The anchor points have now been manipulated which has caused the shape to change. I will now add in the shape tween to make it move.

I then held down shift and dragged from frame 1 to frame 100. I then right clicked and chose create shape tween. I will now test my movie.

My image transforms throughout the movie and works like expected.

 I then exported it as an animated gif so it would work online and on many platform devices. It also means I can insert the movie as an image and will play anywhere. Whether it be on a mobile device or a PC.

Here is my final product.

Task 1 Motion Tween

1) First I downloaded the image and saved it to my folder.
2) I then added the image to my library and created a key frame (Which is a place in sequence where something happens) at the first frame of the timeline.
3) Placing my image at the left of the stage ( is where the action/movement happens in adobe flash).
4) At frame 75 I also created a key frame.
5) I converted my image to a symbol so it move as a graphic.
6) I then held alt from key frame 1 and let go at key frame 75 which highlighted it blue.
7) Finally I inserted a classic tween ( a tween is something that happens between two frames, in this case movement).
8) I saved the project as a fla which is the file type flash uses.
9) I then exported the movie as an animated gif (Series of moving images)as it is a universal file type and will work on all machines. As file types such as quick time are only on certain machines and some file types are not accepted on certain platforms. I.E flash on apple.



The original stage,is where the action/movement happens in adobe flash, was set at 24 frames per second and 72 dpi ( dot per inch). As the stage is made up of pixels, the tiniest dot on the screen.The fps rate tells us how many frames are made up in a second so in this case there are 24 images that make up 1 second of animation.

Here is another example I created. I followed the same format as above but made the image move from right to left instead.